Role of Women in the Odyssey Essay - 1582 Words

â€Å"A woman cannot be herself in the society of the present day, which is an exclusively masculine society, with laws framed by men and with a judicial system that judges feminine conduct from a masculine point of view† (Ibsen). This saying also applied to the times of the Odyssey, an epic constructed by the blind, eight century B.C.E. poet, Homer. As one of the few representatives of ancient Greek social order, the blind, Homer witnessed women as substandard to men, regardless of their actions; many of them existed as seductresses, prostitutes, or slaves. He engraved into his poem women’s roles; the roles of women, as mothers, wives, seductresses, and goddesses are exemplified in this epic, when shown in comparison to the men of that era.†¦show more content†¦The value that was placed on these men, both fathers and sons, was higher than that of the females, the mothers and the daughters, in the story. For other mothers, such as Anticlea, their life’s purpose was to protect and tend to their sons and husbands. The most complex female, more than any other female character in the Odyssey, is the wife of Odysseus, Penelope. From one perspective, she portrays the motherly-type or good wife characteristics, but from another view, she has traits, or certain feminine qualities, that expose her as being a type of seductress, as well. Other female characters shown to have the seductress qualities come about later in the Odyssey, such as Clymenstra. Penelope starts off as a mother in the story. Further along, she grabbed the attention of the suitors in the palace, showing them that she is mourning her lost love, in an obvious manner. There is a point in the story where one of the bards of the palace begins singing about the suicidal battles that took place; this lead her to assume that her husband, Odysseus, has, forever, vanished into the after-life and begins to publicly weep for him. Telemachus, Penelope’s son, and presumably heir to the throne, has to bring rise to his masculine presence and his sense of leadership to, finally, bring her back to her senses. Telemachas says to hisShow MoreRelatedRole of Women in the Odyssey1201 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of Women in The Odyssey The Odyssey, by Homer, is an epic poem based on the story of an ancient Greek hero, Odysseus, and his twenty year journey—ten years spent fighting in the Trojan War and the other ten spent traveling home. In the poem, Homer presents the theme of the role and nature of women. Men were the dominant gender in ancient Greece, and women, who were inferior, were only valued for their beauty and their ability to reproduce. However, in this poem, Homer both exemplifiesRead MoreThe Odyssey : The Role Of Women In Homers Odyssey966 Words   |  4 Pagesinteractions. The Odyssey portrays what is right or wrong in relationships between god and mortal, father and son, and man and woman. In the epic poem, the role of women is a vital demonstration of Ancient Greece. The women in the epic are unique in their personality, motives, and relationships towards men. In Homers, The Odyssey, all women are different, but all of them help to represent the role of the ideal woman. Homers epic describes the world of women in Ancient Greece, a time where women were seenRead More The Role of Women in the Odyssey Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of Women in The Odyssey Homer wrote the classic epic The Odyssey more than 2,500 years ago. At that time in ancient Greek society, as well as in the whole of the ancient world, the dominant role was played by men. Society was organized, directed, and controlled by men, and it was accepted that women occupied a subservient and inferior position. Women, of course, were valued, but were expected to possess certain traits and perform certain tasks that men demanded of them. Does Homers writingRead MoreEssay On The Role Of Women In The Odyssey739 Words   |  3 PagesImagine living at a time in which women were only seen as second-class or lesser beings. The Odyssey, by Homer, is an epic poem based on the story of an ancient Greek hero known as Odysseus. The Story follows his twenty-year journey, ten spent fighting the war, and the other ten spent getting home. Throughout the Poem, Homer presents the roles and nature of women. In The Odyssey, Greek society is controlled by men, while women face an entrenched so cietal expectation to be subservient and loyal withoutRead MoreCultural Role of Women in the Odyssey1025 Words   |  5 Pages   The cultural role of women in the Odyssey In Homer’s Odyssey the cultural relevance of a preferred woman’s role in society generally stands out in the roles of the female characters of Athena and Penelope simultaneously rejecting the negatively viewed characteristics of Calypso and Circe. The entire structure of Ancient Greek culture boasts its men in more superior roles than that of women. Greek society was largely built upon an idea that good women were only around to faithfully serve andRead MoreThe Role Of Women In Homers Odyssey1165 Words   |  5 Pages The Role of Women In The Odyssey In literature, are women used as important roles or only used as love interests and for their beauty? This question has been around for a long time and there is still no clear answer. One literary example is the women characters in Homer’s The Odyssey- the ancient Greek epic of Odysseus and his journey home to Ithaka. When on his journey, Odysseus meets many women who are ultimately used as alluring characters to distract Odysseus on his journey home. ThroughoutRead More The Role of Women in Homers The Odyssey Essay695 Words   |  3 PagesThe Role of Women in Homers The Odyssey Women form an important part of the folk epic, written by Homer, The Odyssey. Within the story there are three basic types of women: the goddess, the seductress, and the good hostess/wife. Each role adds a different element and is essential to the telling of the story. The role of the goddess is one of a supernatural being, but more importantly one in a position to pity and help mortals. Athena, the goddess of wisdom,Read MoreRole of Women in the Odyssey Essay examples810 Words   |  4 PagesNatasha Castillo October 3, 2012 Role of Women in â€Å"The Odyssey† â€Å"The Odyssey† by Homer is an epic poem about Odysseus’ return to his wife and son in Ithica after the Trojan War. Women play an exceptionally large role in this epic poem. Odysseus’s son, Telemachus attempts to gain authority in the presence of the suitors but it is difficult. Especially once he goes on his own journey under the guidance of Athena. Throughout the epic poem however, the women play their roles as mothers, servants, seductressesRead More The Role of Men and Women in Homers The Odyssey 1173 Words   |  5 PagesWho is the ideal Greek man? It can be argued that through the illustration Homer weaves throughout the Odyssey, Odysseuss character traits cast a lens as a prime example of a man in ancient Greek society. He appears to be brave, intelligent, well-spoken, and clever. Much of his knowledge is discovered by his travels, absorbing the local culture around him and using it as a guide. Aristocratic and a warrior. Perhaps the best warrior of al l time. It is the Iliad which presents these attributes initiallyRead MoreThe Demeaning Role Of Women In Homers The Odyssey1280 Words   |  6 PagesThe Odyssey is one of two poems written by Homer describing the drama of the Trojan War, more specifically, the catastrophic journey of the hero Odysseus back home. Throughout the tales, female characters exhibit the many and diverse roles of Greek women, and also their significance in a world dominated by immortal beings.   Like countless others, the goddess Calypso’s beauty and elegance could be the cause of circumstances both good and evil. Calypso is remembered most for keeping Odysseus as a prisoner

DisseminTING EVIDENCE Example

Essays on DisseminTING EVIDENCE Term Paper DISSEMINTING EVIDENCE DISSEMINTING EVIDENCE Central venous catheters (CVCs) are largely used in medical practice worldwide, andnot considering the differences among the variety of types of CVCs, and they lead to raising the threat of venous thromboembolism. CVC-associated venous thromboembolism is a primary clinical problem in terms of loss of venous access, the risk of pulmonary embolism, and additional costs (Mazher et.al., 2013).This factor may have intensified significance in patients suffering from cancer, in which the requirement for CVC insertion is merged with an inherent increased of tumor-related venous thromboembolism (DeVries, et.al., 2014).However, the issue of how to decrease the risk of venous thromboembolism in those kind patients with CVCs is not insignificant. Certainly, the projected advantage of any prophylactic treatment is highly reliant on the complete risk of venous thromboembolism. A value that differ depending upon the type of tumor and clinical presentation such as , pancreatic cancer or mediastinal syndrome. A number of investigators have discovered if anticoagulant therapies (low-molecular-weight heparin or vitamin K antagonists) may inhibit CVC-associated venous thromboembolism. In broad, such investigations have however sustained the systematic use of anticoagulation in that kind of patients, but there are some conflicting data (Danielson, et.al, 2014).The existence of a central venous catheter (CVC) becomes the primary risk factor for the development of bloodstream infection, mostly in immunocompromised patients. This is especially contamination that is a risk factor for central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI).This observational before-after trial in a major care hospitals oncology unit incorporated adult patients with a CVC. Throughout the period of intervention, the attempt of central line hub care was distorted from clean-up with alcohol wipes towards the use of alcohol-impregnated port protectors. To facilitate the protectors, the needless hubs were changed to a neutral pressure connector (Hong et.al., 2013).In comparing infection rates when using port protectors’ from scrubbing the hub for 15 seconds, it has been perceived that: It has been perceived that alcohol alone has the efficacy of 70% as compared to 15% chlorhexidine/70% alcohol used for 15 seconds. Investigators also required finding out whether the design of a mechanical valve delay its capability to be appropriately disinfected. Totality 300 mechanical valves from four different kinds were immunized with a 105 colony-forming unit (CFU) suspension of the organisms most commonly available in clinical. Entire valves were flushed with 0.5 ml saline solution; the flush was gathered onto blood agar plates that were incubated for a period of 48 hours to induce bacterial growth (Kaye, et.al., 2011).After the result, it was concluded that the execution of alcohol-impregnated port protectors and needleless neutral pressure connec tors extensively decreased the intensity of CLABSIs and CBCs in our oncology population of the patient (Bull, 2014)ReferencesBull, P. (2014). Evaluation of a continuous passive disinfection cap on central line-associated bloodstream infections, contamination and colonization.  American Journal of Infection Control,  42, S79-S79.doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2014.03.184Danielson, B., Williamson, S., Kaur, G., Johnson, N. (2014). A Significant Decline in Central Line-associated Blood Stream Infections Using Alcohol-impregnated Port Protectors at a Large Non-profit Acute Care Hospital. American Journal Of Infection Control, 42S16. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2014.03.056DeVries, M., Mancos, P. S., Valentine, M. J. (2014). Reducing bloodstream infection risk in central and peripheral intravenous lines: Initial data on passive intravenous connector disinfection.  Journal of the Association for Vascular Access,  19(2), 87-93. doi:http://dx.doi.org.library.gcu.edu:2048/10.1016/j.java.2014.02.002Hong , H., Morrow, D., Forbes, Sandora, T., J., Priebe, G., P. (2013). Disinfection of needleless connectors with chlorhexidine-alcohol provides long-lasting residual disinfectant activity.  American Journal of Infection Control,  41(8), e77-9. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2012.10.018Kaye, G., Mateo, C. (2011). EB92: Multifaceted Initiatives to Eliminate Central Catheter-Associated Blood Stream Infections in the Intensive Care Unit. Critical Care Nurse, 31(2), e35.Mazher, M. A., Kallen, A., Edwards, J. R., Donlan, R. M. (2013). An in vitro evaluation of disinfection protocols used for needleless connectors of central venous catheters.  Letters in Applied Microbiology,  57(4), 282-287.doi:10.1111/lam.12108

The Phone Call Essay Example For Students

The Phone Call Essay Ring! Ring! Ring! The incessant sound of my home phone ringing would not let me sleep in the early hours of that morning of November 24, 2007. As an eleven year old little girl, I was in the middle of a very peaceful slumber, but I was awakened by the telephone ringing at around 4:30 or so in the morning. I opened my eyes and noticed that it was still very dark outside. At first I was infuriated that somebody would be calling that early in the morning. After thinking it over for a moment, my heart started to beat erratically. It was never good news when someone called in the middle of the night. I was still half asleep. But since the walls in our house were not that thick, I was able to listen to my dad as he got up to answer the phone. I could tell that he was tremendously irritated that someone was calling at that time as well. â€Å"What? Who is it? † I heard him say. The longer he stayed on the phone, the more I could hear his voice soften and become full of concern. I could immediately tell that something was wrong. At this point I was sitting up in bed, fully awake and trying to figure out what was wrong. Once my dad got off of the phone, I could hear that he was talking to my mom. I could not make out anything that was being said, but I could tell that they were both very distraught. I heard my dad say that it was his younger sister, my Aunt Kelly, that had been living in Chico, California at the time, that was on the phone but I had no idea why. She hadn’t spoken to us for several years so I was extremely confused as to why she was calling. As I tried to figure out exactly what was going on, I started to drift back to sleep. I was lying down, but not fully asleep. My mind was wondering what the uproar was all about. I noticed some time later that my dad was on the phone again and heard my mom on her cell phone. I could hear the apprehension in both of their voices, but I was still unable to figure out what was going on. I had no idea what to do. Should I get out of bed and see what was going on? Should I stay in my room and go back to sleep? The next thing I knew, my parents were downstairs talking to a woman whose voice I did not recognize. I wanted to know why Aunt Kelly had called, but I was afraid to find out. I was not certain of how much time had passed since the phone call came in, but I noticed that the sun was coming up. I could hear my mom coming up the stairs. She peeked into my room and saw that I was awake. She then asked me to come into my sister’s room, so I slowly got out of bed and pondered what she was going to say. The three of us sat down on my sister’s bed and my mom started to choke up. Her voice shook as she told us, â€Å"I have some bad news. † I stayed quiet, but Cassidy asked her what was wrong. â€Å"Your Aunt Kelly called,† she said, â€Å"she wanted to let us know that Poppy had a heart attack and died. † I was dumbfounded: I wasn’t able to move. My mom then told us that the woman she and my dad were talking to was my dad’s Aunt Beverly. She had come over to give us the news, unaware that Kelly had already called us. .u17892eb56c5007921b1cfa9dcca5fafd , .u17892eb56c5007921b1cfa9dcca5fafd .postImageUrl , .u17892eb56c5007921b1cfa9dcca5fafd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u17892eb56c5007921b1cfa9dcca5fafd , .u17892eb56c5007921b1cfa9dcca5fafd:hover , .u17892eb56c5007921b1cfa9dcca5fafd:visited , .u17892eb56c5007921b1cfa9dcca5fafd:active { border:0!important; } .u17892eb56c5007921b1cfa9dcca5fafd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u17892eb56c5007921b1cfa9dcca5fafd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u17892eb56c5007921b1cfa9dcca5fafd:active , .u17892eb56c5007921b1cfa9dcca5fafd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u17892eb56c5007921b1cfa9dcca5fafd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u17892eb56c5007921b1cfa9dcca5fafd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u17892eb56c5007921b1cfa9dcca5fafd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u17892eb56c5007921b1cfa9dcca5fafd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u17892eb56c5007921b1cfa9dcca5fafd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u17892eb56c5007921b1cfa9dcca5fafd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u17892eb56c5007921b1cfa9dcca5fafd .u17892eb56c5007921b1cfa9dcca5fafd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u17892eb56c5007921b1cfa9dcca5fafd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Federalism EssayOnce I heard that Poppy died, I cried for hours. I was wretched. I had not seen my grandparents in almost two years since they had moved from Thousand Oaks, California to Las Vegas, Nevada. I had spoken to Poppy on the phone for his birthday a few months prior to his heart attack. I could not believe that this had happened. I just wanted to pick up the phone and call him because I could not believe that just like that, he was gone. Later that afternoon, my parents left for Las Vegas to help my grandmother make funeral arrangements. My sister and I were unable to attend on account of it being so far away. I will never forget the night that the dreaded phone call came. It was one of the most miserable days of my life. To this day any time I hear the phone ring late way, way early in the morning, my heart sinks to the deepest pits of my stomach. I have many pictures and great memories of Poppy and think of him often. My dad brought my sister and me home Poppy’s favorite New York Yankee’s baseball hat and some of his most treasured University of Southern California (USC) memorabilia, such as a National Champions football trophy from 1972. I will treasure these gifts forever.

The Idatarod Essays - Sports In Alaska, Dog Sledding,

The Idatarod Picture this: You are going to travel over one thousand miles across Alaska---by car? by train? by plane? NO!! You are travelling by dogsled - your only companions on this journey will be eleven to fourteen of the most honest, loyal and strong dogs that you can find. For over six grueling months, you and your carefully selected dogs have been training, and now it is up to you and your canine companions. For sledders (or "mushers") this is a dream come true because they are about to start the Iditarod - a name possibly derived from the Indian word "Ingalik" meaning "diezt place". Only half of the starting team of dogs will finish. Those with the strongest heart and the will to go on against overwhelming odds will complete the race. The Iditarod is a dogsled race that takes place in Alaska every year. It goes from Anchorage (Alaska's largest city) to Nome, stretching over 1,000 miles of icy, snow-covered ground. The Iditarod was begun in the 1960's when people tried to restore tradition to Alaska. It was first run to commemorate a trip that took place in 1925 to deliver medicine to Nome. The race has two routes, the Northern and the Southern. In even-numbered years, the Northern route is used and in odd-numbered years, the Southern route is used. The Iditarod is the hardest and toughest dogsled race there is. Sometimes the mushers get so tired, they hallucinate. What makes the race so demanding? Three features: time, temperature and diezce. The temperature in Alaska is so cold that it can reach up to 40 degrees below zero during the running of the race. Because it gets so cold, the mushers have to wear several layers of clothing. One of the major sponsors (Timberland) has made specially-designed clothes to keep them warm, including sleeping bags, snowshores, special long underwear, boots for wet and dry surfaces, water resiezt climbing suits, and mittens made out of beaver skin. Other equipment includes dog "booties" for the dogs' feet, and a six foot long 28 pound tobaggan. One tobaggan, made by North Star is called the "Ferrari " of dogsleds. More than one sled is used. As the land gets flatter and icier, a new sled with flat runners is used. This sled is easier for the dogs to pull on the icy surface. For training, the dogs are split up into two teams for three days of workout and one day of rest. It is critical that the dogs be able to maintain their pace even when they are exhausted. The dogs get a few days off before the "big day". Sometimes accidents can happen. For example, when training, Bruce Johnsen, Canada's top musher, plunged through the ice of a frozen lake where he and his eight dog team died. The mushers and their team can get attacked by a moose, like when Susan Butcher got attacked by a near 500 pound moose, killing two of her dogs and injuring one. Mushers are now starting to carry weapons to defend themselves from moose. While the team is on the trail, the mushers drive the team for six to eight hours at a time, then they take a break and feed the dogs (beaver and horsemeat, plus beef). They also rest or sleep. During the first couple of miles out of Anchorage, the dogs go about 14 miles an hour, but after that they slow down slightly to 11 or 12 miles per hour. The starting positions are drawn based upon when a person enters. To enter the race, you must complete a 200 mile race. When the race starts, each team has a one day supply of food. Also on the trail are 25 checkpoints that each team must check in at. At some checkpoints, veterinarians check the dogs. Some mushers pick up fresh dogs and leave the tired ones at the checkpoint. For some mushers, the prize money at the end of the race is enough to keep them going ($50,000 to the winner, and $150,000 split among the next ten finishers). But for others it is an honor just to finish the trail. IDITAROD FACTS: Mushers rely on voice commands. Among them are: Mush! - Let's go! Gee! - Turn right! Haw! - Turn Left! Whoa! - Stop! SUPPLIES: - Snowhoes,

Savannah Cats Essays

Savannah Cats Essays Savannah Cats Paper Savannah Cats Paper A Savannah Cat is actually a hybrid between a Siamese cat and a Serval The Savannah cats name is given to the off spring of a domestic cat and several medium sized, large-eared Wild African cats. The unusual offspring became popular among breeders at the end of the 20th century, and in 2001 the I. C. A (International Cat Association) accepted it as a new registered breed. Savannahs are much more social than other breeds of cats they are often compared to dogs because of their loyalty and the fact that you can train them to walk on leashes and to do tricks. The Bengal breeder Judee Frank crossbred a male Serval belonging to Suzi Woods and a Siamese cat to produce the first Savannah cat named Savannah on April 7, 1986. Franks’ Savannah attracted the attention of Patrick Kelly who pushes one of Savannahs kittens in 1989 Kelly was the first enthusiast who worked toward establishing a new domestic breed . He approached many Serval breeders to help to develop this new breed and finally garnered the help of breeder Joyce Sroufe to work with him in taking the steps he needed to get the breed recognized. In 1996 Patrick Kelley and Joyce Sroufe wrote the original version of the Savannah breed standard and presented it to the I. C. A in 01 the board accepted the breed as a new type of Cat. 010 brought a significant event for the breed when the first female F1 Savannah was born and bred in the UK by Rosanne Boyle of Hotspotexotics name â€Å"Amazing Grace she was registered with the I. C. A from 06 the breed has seen significant growth throughout the UK as a result the breed of being so well received. As Savannahs are produced by crossbreeding Servals and domestic cats, each generation of Savannahs is marked with a filial number. For example, the cats produced directly from a Serval/domestic Cat cross are the, and they are 50% serval. F1 generation Savannahs are very difficult to produce, due to the significant difference in gestation periods between the Serval and a domestic cat and sex chromosomes. Servals can be very picky in choosing mates, and often will not mate with a domestic cat. Females of the F1-F3 generation are usually held back for breeding, with only the males being offered as pets. The reverse occurs when you reach F5-F7 generation, but to a lesser degree, with the males being held as breeding cats, and females primarily offered as pets Physical features Savannah Cats are one of the larger breeds of cats. The Savannahs tall and skinny appearance makes it look a great deal bigger than it actually weighs. Size varies on the gender and generation male Savannahs are usually bigger and weigh more than females. Because of random factors in Savannah hybrid genetics there can be different changes in size even in one litter. The coat of a Savannah depends a lot on what breed of domestic cars is used for the cross earlier generation have some form of dark spotting on a lighter coat early breeders used words like â€Å"Wild† to describe it. sing spotted breeds such as the Bengal and Egyptian Mau for the cross will preserve the very few Savannahs that look like they did in earlier Generations. Some of the colors include (cool to warm brown, tan or gold with black or dark brown spots), silver spotted tabby (silver coat with black or dark grey spots), black (black with black spots), and black smoke (black tipped silver wit h black spots) in additions the Savannah can come in unusual color variations such as the classic or marble patterns or snow coloration and blue or other thinner colors from domestic sources. Most breeders are trying to cull these unusual colors out of the gen pool by selling unusual colored cats as pets but some Savannah Breeders are interested in working with the colors to introduce them as new traits The overall look of the Savannah Cat depends greatly on generation the older generations often have a more wild look the domestic breed that is used influences the appearance as well the domestic out crosses for the Savannah breed that are permissible in the ICA are Egyptian Mau the Ociat the Oriental Shorthair and the Domestic Shorthair. In addition some Savannah breeders are non permit able breeds such as the Bengal for size or the Maine Coon cats for size for the domestic parentage but these non permit able outcrosses can bring many unwanted genes as well Outcrosses are rarely used these days at there are now many fertile males available and as well most breeders are exclusively doing Savannah to Savannah breeding. A Savannahs wild look depends mostly on the generation of the cat. The body of Savannahs are long and leggy when a Savannah is standing, their hind end is often higher than they’re neck the back of their ears have a central light band bordered by the black, dark gray or brown giving an eye like effect the short tail has black rings with a solid black tip the eyes are blue as a kitten and may be green brown gold or blended shad as an adult. The eyes have a boomerang shape with a hooded brow to protect from harsh sunlight. The Savannah cats behavior Savannahs are commonly compared to dogs in their loyalty, and they will follow their owners around the house like a canine. They can also be trained to walk on a leash, and even fetch. Some Savannahs are reported to be very social and friendly with new people and with other cats and dogs, while others may run and hide or revert to hissing and growling when seeing a stranger. Exposure to other people and pets is most likely the key factor in sociability as the Savannah kitten grows up. Owners of Savannahs say that they are very impressed with the animal intelligence of this breed of cat. An often-noted trait of the Savannah is its jumping ability. Savannahs are known to jump up on top of doors, refrigerators and high cabinets. Some Savannahs can leap about 8 feet (2. 5 m) high from a standing position. Savannahs are very inquisitive, and have been known to get into all sorts of things. They often learn how to open doors and cupboards, and owners of a Savannah will likely need to take special precautions to prevent the cat from getting into things. Many Savannah cats do not fear water, and will play or even immerse themselves in water. Some owners even shower with their Savannah cats. Presenting a water bowl to a Savannah may also prove a challenge, as some will promptly begin to bat all the water out of the bowl until it is empty, using their front paws. Another quirk Savannahs have is to fluff out the base of their tail in a greeting gesture. This is not to be confused with the fluffing of fur along the back and full length of the tail in fear. Savannahs will also often flick or wag their tails in excitement or pleasure. Vocally, Savannahs may either chirp like their Serval fathers, meow like their domestic mothers, or do both, sometimes producing sounds which are a mixture of the two. Chirping is observed more often in earlier generations. Savannahs may also hiss- a Serval-like hiss quite different from a domestic cats hiss, sounding more like a very loud snake. It can be alarming to humans not acquainted to such a sound coming from a cat. Health considerations Different individuals contain different amounts of Serval and of varied domestic cat breeds, and there are currently no established Savannah breed-specific health issues. Some veterinarians have noted that Servals have smaller livers relative to their body size than domestic cats, and some Savannahs inherit this. For this reason, care is advised in prescribing some medications. Lower doses per weight of the cat may be necessary. In addition, the blood values of Savannahs may vary from the typical domestic cat, due to the serval genes. There is anecdotal evidence, though no completed scientific studies, that Savannahs and other domestic hybrids (such as Bengals) do not respond well to anesthesia containing Ketamine Many Savannah breeders request in their contracts that Ketamine not be used for surgeries] Some (but not all) Savannah breeders believe strongly that modified live vaccines should not be used on Savannahs, that only killed virus vaccines should be used. Others are the complete opposite, having had poor reactions to killed vaccines, and no vaccine reaction (lethargy, illness, etc. ) to the modified live vaccines. This, also, has not been studied, and opinions vary widely from breeder to breeder Some breeders state that Savannah cats have no known special care or food requirements, while others recommend a very high quality diet with no grains or by-products. Some recommend a partial or complete raw feeding/raw food diet with at least 32% protein and no by-products. Some Savannah breeders recommend calcium and other supplements, especially for growing cats and earlier generations. Others consider it unnecessary, or even harmful. Most Savannah breeders agree that Savannahs have a need for more taurine than the average domestic cat, and therefore recommend taurine supplement which can be added to any food type. Laws and Regulations Laws governing ownership of Savannah cats in the United States vary according to state. The majority of states follow the code set by the United States Department of Agriculture, which defines wild or domesticated hybrid crosses as domesticated. Some states have set more restrictive laws on hybrid cat ownership, including Hawaii, Massachusetts, and Georgia. Some cities may have laws that differ from the state. For example, Savannahs more than five generations from the serval are allowed to be owned in New York state, but not in the city of New York. [9] The Australian Federal government has banned the importation into Australia of the Savannah cat, as the larger cats could potentially threaten species of the countrys native wildlife not threatened by smaller domestic cats.

Chemical or Molecular Formula for Carbon Dioxide

Chemical or Molecular Formula for Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide normally occurs as a colorless gas. In solid form it is called dry ice. The chemical or molecular formula for carbon dioxide is CO2. The central carbon atom is joined to two oxygen atoms by covalent double bonds. The chemical structure is centrosymmetric and linear, so carbon dioxide has no electric dipole. Key Takeaways: Carbon Dioxide Chemical Formula The chemical formula for carbon dioxide is CO2. Each carbon dioxide molecule contains one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms, bound to each other by covalent bonds.At room temperature and pressure, carbon dioxide is a gas.The carbon dioxide molecule is linear. Carbon dioxide is soluble in water, where it acts as a diprotic acid, first dissociating to form the bicarbonate ion and then carbonate. A common misconception is that all dissolved carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid. Most dissolved carbon dioxide remains in molecular form. Why Is Water Bent and Carbon Dioxide Linear? Both water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) consist of atoms connected by polar covalent bonds. Yet, water is a polar molecule while carbon dioxide is nonpolar. The polarity of the chemical bonds within a molecule is not sufficient to make the molecule polar. Each water molecule has a bent shape because of the lone electron pair on the oxygen atom. Each CO bond in carbon dioxide is polar, with the oxygen atom pulling the electrons from carbon toward itself. The charges are equal in magnitude, yet opposite in direction, so the net effect is to produce a nonpolar molecule.

ROLE OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN MANAGEMENT Essay

ROLE OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Managerial communication is a form of communication that takes place in any workplace setting, either between managers and employees or between delegations of different companies. Effective managerial communication helps a company in the achievement of goals and objectives. Some of the main benefits of effective managerial communication include timely communication between departments, improved and more efficient business processes, improved decision making, improved level of understanding between managers and employees, and improved working relationships. In this paper, we will discuss the role of effective communication in management. The paper will also include a discussion on the barriers in effective communication and the ways to overcome those barriers. Principles of Effective Business Communication There are some key principles of effective communication that make the process of business communication successful and result-oriented. Those principles include starting the commun ication process in a friendly manner, showing interest in each other, giving sincere appreciation to the other parties involved in communication, overcoming barriers to communication, giving value to the viewpoints of each other, using appropriate body language, and giving instant feedback. The process of communication should take place in a friendly environment. Moreover, there should be clarity in the messages and the tone of communication should be polite so that other people taking part in communication should understand the concerns of each other easily. Another important thing is that all participants should show interest in knowing the viewpoint of each other in order to create a respectful and peaceful environment for communication. The participants should show and give due respect to each other because successful business communications occur only when all parties show interest in each other and value the feedbacks and viewpoints of others. No one should show any kind of at titude or disgrace because it makes other people uncomfortable. Next, there should be no barriers to communication because barriers adversely affect the overall process of communication. Feedback is one of the most important principles of effective managerial or business communication is continuous feedback. Feedback makes the communication process meaningful and effective. All participants of the communication process should provide instant feedback to the viewpoints and concerns of others because it helps the participants gain more confidence and understanding of the issue. Best Practices for Effective Communication Along with the principles of effective communication in management, managers and employees also need to focus on some effective communication practices in order to make the communication process successful. Both managers and employees need to be able to communicate effectively with each other at the workplace because ineffective communication, bad attitude, and persona l and work related conflicts and misunderstandings can affect the communication process and can create many problems for employees, as well as for the company. Convenience, freedom of expression, and timely communication are those elements of communication that play a major role in effective workplace and managerial level communication (Means, 2010, p. 45). Convenience From managerial communication perspective, managers and emp

Innovation, Change and Motivation at Nucor Corporation Essay

Innovation, Change and Motivation at Nucor Corporation - Essay Example Apart from these cultural values, none of the company’s employees is unionized. Nucor does not approve of unions, as it believes the culture is counterproductive, especially where building of a strong workforce whose objective is to serve the steel company’s interests is concerned. Nonetheless, the employees remain committed to quality of service and lay-offs are minimal. (a) Devolved Management system Nucor is heavily devolved in its operations, a culture that enables the employees to be innovative in their work and develop a feeling that they are owner-operators. In light of this, the company encourages most of the decisions about the business operations to be made at the lower level. In addition, Nucor’s claim that only 65 employees work at the headquarters is quite telling about the company’s lean culture. (b) Performance-driven rewards Nucor has established general rules of compensation which apply to all employees. The policies provide for a uniform compensation for individual employees who meet particular incentive-specific objectives. Apart from these common bonus plans, Nucor Corporation has periodically awarded extraordinary rewards to all employees, in the financial years when the company has made the highest amounts of profits. For instance, the company’s record sales of $23.6 billion in 2008, which was up from $4.6 billion in 2000 trickled down to the employees’ pockets, with the Chief Executive earning a whopping $ 5.24 million (Ivancevich, Konopaske, & Matteson, 2007). The uniform treatment of employees has tremendously reduced the gaps between the earnings of senior executives and lower ranking employees. (c) Egalitarian perks The company’s senior executives are not guaranteed traditional high bonuses such as company cars, executive parking slots or executive dining rooms (Ivancevich, Konopaske, & Matteson, 2007). Additionally, the publication of all the names of the company’s employees at the back of Nucor’s annual reports is a clear indication of the company’s egalitarian culture and inclusiveness of the decision-making processes. This is also a sign that the company values all of the employees, irrespective of their position within the organization. (d) Effective customer service Although, the text rarely mentions sound customer service at Nucor, it can be inferred. Effective customer service and quality can be explained by the simplicity and courtesy, which the Chief Executive cultivates. The culture of inclusivity, teamwork and appreciation of every person’s effort is a clear indication that all the stakeholders in the company are assured of respect and recognition. (e) Technology-driven culture Nucor Corporation is undeniably banking on the technological edge in its production of steel products. The process of using electric arc furnaces to liquefy scrap metal is the first of its kind in the twenty-first century (Ivancevich, Konopaske, & Mat teson, 2007). Currently, Nucor’s association with two multinational steel companies in the running of the Crawfordsville facility, which specializes in the manufacture of sheet of steel from liquefied steel without necessarily deploying heavy, costly, and energy-inefficient rollers, is in itself a technological breakthrough that many steel companies have not yet adopted. Question # 2 Nucor has maintained the gap between executive pay and that of lower-ranking employees to the bare minimum as compared to other American companies. Since 1980s, the level of growth recorded by companies has been growing at almost the same pace as that of executive compensation (Ivancevich, Konopaske, & Matteson, 2007). Globalization makes highly performing executives more likely to

Common Rail Direct Injection Essay Example for Free

Common Rail Direct Injection Essay Direct injection means injecting the fuel directly into the cylinder instead of premixing it with air in separate intake ports. That allows for controlling combustion and emissions more precisely, but demands advanced engine management technologies. Unlike petrol engines, diesel engines don’t need ignition system. Due to the inherent property of diesel, combustion will be automatically effective under a certain pressure and temperature combination during the compression phase of Otto cycle. Normally this requires a high compression ratio around 22 : 1 for normally aspirated engines. A strong thus heavy block and head is required to cope with the pressure. Therefore diesel engines are always much heavier than petrol equivalent. The lack of ignition system simplifies repair and maintenance, the absence of throttle also help. The output of a diesel engine is controlled simply by the amount of fuel injected. This makes the injection system very decisive to fuel economy. Even without direct injection, diesel inherently delivers superior fuel economy because of leaner mixture of fuel and air. Unlike petrol, it can combust under very lean mixture. This inevitably reduces power output but under light load or partial load where power is not much an important consideration, its superior fuel economy shines. Another explanation for the inferior power output is the extra high compression ratio. On one hand the high pressure and the heavy pistons prevent it from revving as high as petrol engine (most diesel engine deliver peak power at lower than 4500 rpm. ), on the other hand the long stroke dimension required by high compression ratio favors torque instead of power. This is why diesel engines always low on power but strong on torque. To solve this problem, diesel makers prefer to add turbocharger. It is a device to input extra air into the cylinder while intake to boost up the power output of the engine. Turbocharger’s top end power suits the torque curve of diesel very much, unlike petrol. Therefore turbocharged diesel engines output similar power to a petrol engine with similar capacity, while delivering superior low end torque and fuel economy.

New Grub Street as a Microcosm of English Victorian Life Essay

  Ã‚   New Grub Street presents the reader with an accurate and comprehensive picture of late Victorian society, despite the fact that it predominantly focuses only on a small group of literary men and women. At first, one may have difficulty locating Gissing's voice within the narrative. The perspective leaps from character to character, without establishing any clear candidates for the reader's sympathies. Jasper Milvain is ambivalently portrayed, despite the fact that his moral and literary values were anathematic to Gissing. This is but one example of ambiguity in a novel that is filled with confusion and inversions of the 'natural order'. The world of New Grub Street is one where the unscrupulous Jasper Milvain triumphs, the mediocre Whelpdale stumbles upon commercial success, while others such as Edwin Reardon, Alfred Yule, and Harold Biffen undisputedly become casualties in the battle of life. What is Gissing trying to say about Victorian England? (Or is literary life his so le intended subject?) Throughout this chaos of view-points are interwoven the themes of money, class, and sex. Yet it is precisely the ubiquity of these themes, and the prevalent disorder of the world that makes the novel reflective of late Victorian society. Whether or not Gissing intended his novel to be purely a study in the changing literary life of the late nineteenth century, New Grub Street is effectively a microcosm of English life in the closing years of Victoria's reign.    New Grub Street depicts some of the consequences of the structural and compositional changes that were - and had been - taking place in the social and class structures of Victorian England. The increasing size of the middle class1, the reductions in working hours2, an... ... Unwin, London, 1968, p. 154. 5 Gross, John, The Rise and Fall of the Man of Letters: English Literary Life Since 1800, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1973, p. 220. 6 Altick, p. 61. 7 Gissing, George, New Grub Street, Wordsworth, Hertfordshire, 1996, ch. XXXIV, p. 393. 8 Gross, p. 220. 9 Gissing, ch., XIV, p. 146. 10 Cited in Gross, pp. 220-1. 11 Ibid., p. 221. 12 Gissing, ch. XIV, p. 146. 13 Gross, p. 149. 14 Gissing, ch. XXXV, p. 402. 15 Ibid., p. 400. 16 Ibid., ch. XXXVII, p. 422. 17 Ibid., Introduction. 18 Ibid., ch. VII, p. 74. 19 Ibid., ch. XXXV, p. 401. 20 Ibid. 21 Ibid., ch. XIV, p. 151. 22 Ibid., ch. XXVII, p. 301. 23 Ibid. 24 Ibid., ch. XXXV, p. 403. 25 Fowles, John, The French Lieutenant's Woman, Vintage, London, 1996, p. 445. 26 Ibid., p. 283. 27 Altick, p. 17.      

Business Plan Analysis – Private Concepts

Memorandum Re: Business Plan Assessment – Private Concepts Critically analyzing a business plan for its viability and opportunity for success is absolutely necessary from any stakeholder’s perspective. Doing so aides an investor in knowing whether or not to invest, a bank in deciding on a loan, or even a partner in his/her decision to join a venture.But perhaps most importantly, a critical analysis of a business plan can and will help the entrepreneur to assess whether or not an idea under its current platform is worth undertaking, or if it is back to the drawing board they go. The purpose of this memo is to assess the business plan of Private Concepts, a company hoping to bring to market The Pevlon, a cervical cancer screening device made for private, in-home use. The opportunity for such a device absolutely exists both here in the United States and abroad.For one, the plan mentions The Breast and Cervical Cancer Mortality Act of 1990 which, â€Å"mandated a nationwid e program to increase access of medically underserved women to comprehensive breast and cervical cancer screening services,† and when coupled with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act that was recently passed, the amount of free (to consumer; paid for by the government) access to this product creates potential for a high demand in this country.In foreign countries however, such as rural China and even Africa, where access to healthcare and proper healthcare facilities can be extremely rare, the appetite for this type of product could be tremendously significant. And there lies the first issue with this business plan. According to the Lancet Oncology medical journal, Volume 11, Issue 12, â€Å"75,000 women develop cervical cancer and 40,000 women die from the disease in China each year. † Those numbers in the United States are only about 12,000 and close to 4,000 respectively (cdc. ov). This exemplifies a larger need for this product abroad as opposed to right here in the states. And to focus on the opportunity in China, a Wall Street Journal publication explains how China’s healthcare system is lacking in general, but puts a microscope on the disparity in quality healthcare between rural and urban areas (Burkitt, 2012). These rural areas in China represent a large opportunity (much larger than any market in the United States) for The Pevlon.And so although the opportunity does exist for the business plan’s product, it is evident that the opportunity accentuated in the business plan is not the optimal one (aside from appealing to non-profits or other entities that would utilize the Pevlon in charitable, undoubtedly foreign ventures – this should have been a more significant portion of the plan). Additionally, the opportunity in the United States has not necessarily been proven to the point where one could consider the need for the product as pervasive enough to where the consumer is willing to pay for it.And pay for t hey would have to, because as the plan notes in the chart on page 10, a Pevlon screen costs 50% more than a typical pap smear. This exemplifies that pricing is going to be an issue. The health care market is highly dependent on the insurance industry, especially when there are product substitutes. Take pharmaceuticals for example. In group health care, policies are dictated by the contract that is in place and the majority of these contracts will sway the policy holder to utilize generic medications.This is done by the insurance carrier covering a larger percentage of generic medications than name brand ones, which ultimately costs the carrier less. So if a pap smear is less costly by 50% than a Pevlon test, carriers may still cover the device, but the â€Å"incentive† to utilize the cheaper procedure will absolutely be in place. Additionally, the business plan identifies lower income women as a target market, but fails to explain how a more expensive procedure will be a viab le option for this segment group. But even when the entire U. S. arket (via a sample size) is observed on page 19 of the plan, less than half of the women surveyed (46%) stated they would utilize the in-home Pevlon test even if most or all of it was covered by insurance. And if insurance reimbursement is removed completely, only 11. 2% of women would purchase the product. It would be interesting to see if there were follow up inquiries related to this line of questioning because a hypothesis is that some women, or maybe even a lot of women, may not trust themselves to complete such an important test at home.These women may simply prefer to rely on the expertise of a medical professional. And along these same lines, I feel as though the plan is silent on a very important aspect when it comes to assessing the true market of this product: how many women are in fact uncomfortable with going to a physician’s office to have a pap smear completed and would those women be more comfor table completing such a screen at home?Yes, there is a quote stating how uncomfortable the procedure is (which is in fact the first thing the reader sees underneath the Executive Summary heading), but it is somewhat suspect that this quote is anonymous and that there is no quantifiable evidence proving this notion to be true. So what is the actual desirability of this product? There really is no proof of it within the business plan and if I was investing in this product, I would need this â€Å"proof. † Aside from the ambiguous desirability of the product, there are a number of other concerns that should really stick out to the potential investor.On page 12 of the business plan there is a section that lays out the testing and approval stage for the Pevlon device. There are 6 steps in this section and only 1 of which have been completed, which happens to be the least significant of steps. The remaining rigmarole of securing FDA approval, obtaining the green light to conduct cl inical studies, actually conducting these studies, etc. could easily take upwards of a decade to complete. From the perspective of an investor or a bank assessing a loan, this is entirely too long a process for someone to simply START making their money back.This exemplifies how difficult a market healthcare can be to get into, and that the barriers involved are simply too high. Additionally, the Pevlon is not necessarily a onetime revenue generator, but it comes uncomfortably close. In 2009, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) released new cancer screening guidelines. According to ACOG, women now need to begin screening at age 21 as opposed to 18, and women ages 21 to 30 only need to be screened once every two years; women 30 and older only once every 3 years (Cox, 2009).The final qualms that I have concerning this business plan is the window of opportunity associated with the product, and the amount of time it will take for Private Concepts to become a p rofitable company. There does not appear to be an actual window of opportunity as the business plan does not thoroughly prove the market segment. Anecdotally I polled a number of women in my life with whom I am comfortable bringing this subject up and all of them (4) took the opinion that their screenings are not a major source of stress or discomfort, but rather they have come to accept it as â€Å"part of the routine of life. And in regards to becoming a profit generating entity, right up front on page 3 of the business plan, it is shown in the chart that Private Concepts would not be in the black until 5 years of doing business. What’s most concerning is that 5 years is still merely a hypothesis and that the organization is seeking over three million dollars in funding basically right out of the gate. Conceptually, the idea of a self administered, in home cervical cancer screening is a good idea.It poses benefits such as convenience and avoiding uncomfortable screenings a t a physician’s office. Private Concepts missed the mark in their business plan however, in a number of ways. The market was identified too ambiguously and the plan did not clearly exemplify certain key aspects of said market such as how many women actually would prefer an in home screen versus one performed in a physician’s office. Where to market and focus sales efforts was clearly stated, however, the idea to sell first in the United States is not the best possible plan of action.Private Concepts should as the plan mentions, manufacture the product off shore in order to maximize profit margins, but at the same time the pricing point should be rethought considerably in order to capitalize on the more fruitful markets of places like rural China and Africa. Appealing to non-profits and government entities that might focus on these foreign demographics was a small piece of the business plan, but it should have been more of a focus.Finally, in this assessment I had the a dvantage of hind sight and context. This business plan won the Moot Corp competition in 2002 with what appeared to be a viable business plan at the time. This product has yet to come to market and I was unable to find anything stating that the Pevlon has been approved by the FDA. This does not necessarily hold any bearing on this analysis of the business plan; however, it does prove to a certain extent, a lot of the shortcomings that were found within this business plan.Academically and structurally the plan was very well done, however in practical application it is easy to see how and why the Pevlon is still an unknown product to virtually the entirety of the woman population in the United States. Arbyn, Marc. HPV-Based Cervical Cancer Screening in China. The Lancet Oncology. 2010;11(12):1112 – 1113. Burkitt, Laurie. Report: China’s Healthcare System Deeply Sick. The Wall Street Journal. http://blogs. wsj. com/chinarealtime/2012/08/29/report-chinas-health-care-system- deeply-sick. 9 August 2012. Date Accessed: 23 January 2013. Cervical Cancer Statistics. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Gynecologic Cancers. http://www. cdc. gov/cancer/cervical/statistics. 20 December 2012. Date Accessed: 23 January 2013. Cox, Lauren & Dr. Joshua Hundert. New Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines: No More ‘Annual’ Pap Smears. ABC, Good Morning America. http://abcnews. go. com/GMA/OnCall/guidelines-ditch-annual-pap-smears/story? id=9131632. 20 November 2009. Date Accessed: 23 January 2013.

Hale s letter to Danforth corrected

Your Honor, Abigail Williams is nothing but a where who wants to dance with John Proctor, an extremely moral man who had dedicated his life to God, on his wife's grave. The lies that Abigail Williams has cooked up is punishment for John Proctor for taking away her innocence. She is nothing but a where who lusts for John Proctor. Vengeance is running through Salem, Your Honor, and people who have been falsely accused will die; you will have their blood on their hands, Judge Detonator. Will you be able to sleep at night knowing you signed the death warrants of innocent people? Your gavel ill be stained blood-red.Can you live with your conscience? Your Excellency, the cries of witchcraft are the same cries as a whore's vengeance fuelled by lust. People with names whiter than white within the community of Salem are having their good name soiled and blackened. Believe that if more people are accused by whore's like Abigail Williams and you continue to devour their lies, your soul will bec ome blackened and guilt-ridden. Judge Detonator, permit me to proceed, ninety-one people have signed a testament saying that Elizabeth, Martha, and Rebecca are good respected Christian women who loud never compact with Lucifer.Should ninety-one people lie? Think not. You cannot ignore the people of Salem any longer. You cannot ignore their good opinion or soon there will be no-one left in Salem who you think is somehow is working for the devil. The people of Salem must have known this woman all their lives; if they had compacted with Lucifer, would they have concealed it from their closest friends? If the devil had been working here, why has there not been any sign of the Devil before. You believe the lies Abigail Williams is feeding you with seemingly no care for the normal people f Salem.Is there another reason why you are not taking the testament of the god-fearing people of Salem? Seriously? I've noticed you sweat like a stallion whenever Abigail Williams is near. She is manipul ative , Judge Detonator and you must not fall in her trap. Will you take the words of one child, who is intoxicated by power, over the opinions of ninety-one upstanding members of the community? The ball is now in your court, Judge Detonator. The blood of these respected Christian women will be on your hands, Your Honor. Furthermore, after witnessing Mr..Jacobs' testimony in court, it became parent that this trial was never about witchcraft in the first place. This trial is a tale about greed and power, a soulless tale about people who want things that are not theirs. How can a man who can barely stand on his own two feet be accused of terrorizing Ruth Putnam? I would think that if he was under the impression of Lucifer, he would use the power to be able to stand up without any support. Mr.. Putnam is a parasite; sucking the blood out of innocent people for his own fat belly. Rut's accusations must be dealt with separately and with great care, Your Honor.Giles Corey swears to a depo sition that Putnam forced Ruth to cry witchcraft in an attempt for more land. Corey had been in court more than twenty times, winning every case, Your Honor. Surely, you can emphasize and draw the conclusion that Corey is reliable and trustworthy and that his deposition must be considered with great thoughts and wisdom. Plead with you to look at the evidence again. If you want the blood of Mr.. Jacobs on your hands, you should listen to the lies that Ruth Putnam is feeding you instigated by her father, the very greedy Mr.. Putnam.How could you not believe the words of John Proctor? Why the man with the rest name in Salem throw away his good name after claiming to be an adulterer? It is in my good opinion that Abigail Williams seeks vengeance on John Proctor for taking her innocence. Elizabeth lied to protect her husband, just like any women would lie to protect her family life, children and husband. Even someone like Goody Proctor, who has never told a lie before. This is a natural lie to tell. I beg of you, your Honor, to reconsider your decision on sending Elizabeth to the jailhouse. You must ensure that this trial is fair.Telling Proctor and Abigail to stand with their backs facing Elizabeth was not a air way to question her. You are a noble judge. We saw John Proctor break down in court and this is not the behavior of a man who is trying to deceive or undermine the court or the trial. Your Excellency, Proctor is a well-respected farmer and his wife has no mark upon her name. They are good souls who don't deserve to be hanged due to the lies of Abigail Williams and the girls. Abigail is hell-bent on seeking vengeance on Proctor. Abigail is comparable to Lucifer. She pulled the wool over your eyes , the girls and even me at the beginning.But I saw this presence and soon will you. She has deceived most people in the village including you. Can see she has played you like a violin and Your Honor , it seems you cannot hear enough of this wretched symphony. Beg o f you, see through the evil surroundings of Abigail Williams. F you kill these innocent souls, your hands will be stained blood-red. The blood of the innocent people you have killed. Your gavel , the paper you sign , the table and your soul will be stained with blood. In addition, the women we have already convicted of witchcraft are of the lowest status in Salem: a lunatic and a beggar.As the local beggar, there is not only one person in Salem who Goody Osborne has not annoyed with her requests for bread and cider. I can imagine there are a lot of people happy to see her locked up. But, consider Your Honor, does being poor equate to being a witch? Surely Lucifer would find it too easy to win the soul of a beggar! If Lucifer had taken Goody Osborne soul, why is she still poor? She is not such a fool to part with her soul for anything less than abundant money. Sarah Good, the local lunatic is in the same position- surely you see this? The local people are afraid of her trance mumblin gs and behavior.It is easy to cry witch on someone who is not in sound enough mind to defend herself. Judge Detonator, I humbly ask you to think more on these two individuals, there really is no sufficient evidence to send them to the jailhouse as they are just poor unfortunate souls. Finally, Sir, it's in my good Opinion that the accused are good people with pure souls. They are innocent and they have been caught up in a web of lies, Judge Detonator. You know as well as do that Abigail Williams and Thomas Putnam are not reliable enough to cause the deaths of innocent people.

CV Writing Makeover †A Holy Grail for Older Job Seekers Essay Example

CV Writing Makeover – A Holy Grail for Older Job Seekers Essay Example CV Writing Makeover – A Holy Grail for Older Job Seekers Essay CV Writing Makeover – A Holy Grail for Older Job Seekers Essay Seeking the right job or availing the right opportunity seems pretty difficult to older job seekers. Our economy is another critical factor behind the difficulties experienced by older individuals. It is a pretty common thing in today’s economy for people at older age to retire from the job they have been doing for a very long time. It is also not unusual to see our senior citizens looking for a second career or job, since they want to keep working even after getting retired. However, competing with the younger job seekers and outperforming them to secure the right job is no easy task at all. How amazing it would be if potential recruiters wouldn’t reject the job applicants only due to their older age. But let’s face the truth here. In our current era, employers prefer younger applicants than older individuals. In other words, in the present era youthfulness usually surpasses experience. Nonetheless, don’t let despair get the best of you as there are some effective ways to outshine the younger generation and get the right employment. First it would be great if you don’t mention your age in your resume/CV. This will allow you to have a better opportunity to get to the interview room. However, if you are in a situation where mentioning your age is necessary then it would be wise to highlight your qualities, skills and experience to overcome the age barrier. Be confident and be proud because you know that you are dependable, trustworthy, hardworking and experienced. You only need to show these qualities to the potential employer to get the job. Believe in yourself if you are sure that you have what it takes to be the best in your field. Apparently, many older job seekers are retired but they still want to keep working. However, during the course of their employment search, they encounter other candidates younger than them. In addition to that they also experience that many potential employers don’t give much response to their job application. This individual treatment brings out anxiety in the older job seekers, thus making their job search experience quite stressful. What must I do to overcome this anxiety and secure a good job? Well, you need a CV makeover to achieve that goal. The most important thing you need to do is to update your old CV. Remember that the main source of your misery is an outdated CV. Therefore, give it a makeover to make it more prominent. Incorporate the latest trends in your application/CV/cover letter. Determine latest necessary technological skills that you lack and need to develop. For instance many employers require computer-literate people who at least know how to use documents and spreadsheets. Work on these skills to ensure your job. Use powerful keywords in your CV to increase its expose on the online job hunt platforms.

How to realistically fill your resume when you have no experience

How to realistically fill your resume when you have no experience You need to have a job to gain experience, but you need experience to get a job. At the beginning, just about everyone faces this catch-22. Even jobs that seem like entry-level gigs require a resume as part of your application, so how do you craft your resume to make sure you’re presenting a solid, â€Å"hire me† package even if you don’t have experience yet? Pick a friendlier formatThe good news is that resumes have gotten more flexible over time. It used to be that everyone submitted pretty much the same resume: header + objective + reverse-chronological job history + skills + extras. Now, employers are used to seeing a variety of formats. For job hunters who are forging into a new field or just starting out, it makes more sense to play up your skills- not necessarily your experience. For that, you want a resume that prioritizes your skills and know-how.For example, your resume might break down like this:HeaderObjective/Summary StatementBulleted list of skills, targeted specifically to this job descriptionEducation/CertificationsWork ExperienceThe whole point of your resume isn’t to create some arbitrary cookie cutter version of yourself, it’s to show yourself off in the best possible light. So don’t be afraid to switch up the sections if it means you’re creating a stronger narrative about who you are as an employee.Your resume should build a narrative about you that’s clear to anyone reading it, so you want to put your highlights reel first. Start with a clear statement about who you are and what you’re seeking, then emphasize the skills and strengths that you bring to the job. You should still include a work experience section even if it feels a little sparse, but you can tuck it at the end after you’ve played up your strong points.Realize you have more experience than you think you doYou may not have full-on work experience yet, at least not in the field for which you’re applying. But chances are, you do have some kind of experience, and have built skills along the way. If you’re a student (or a recent grad), think about courses you’ve taken that are relevant to this job or company. This doesn’t mean you should list every class you ever took just to take up space. Think strategically, and pick courses that relate to the job for which you’re applying. Internships are even better, if you’ve got any of those under your belt, because that’s hands-on experience.And don’t forget extracurricular activities. Volunteer experience is often overlooked because people tend to assume that unpaid experience isn’t the same as job experience. Guess what? Volunteer experience is time spent building skills and relationships- both things that look fantastic on a resume. It may seem like your volunteer experience doesn’t necessarily align with the job you want, but you can finesse it. For example, say you volunteered at a kids’ community center but you’re applying for a marketing gig. Think about the tasks you did in your volunteer work. Did you arrange things (organizational skills)? Manage a schedule (time management)? Act as a liaison for people or groups (communication and teamwork)? Create programs or lead anything (leadership)? Take skills that employers value, like ability to work with others, leadership, organization, communication, and try to match up your volunteer experience with those skills.Resist the urge to exaggerate too muchThis is a case where â€Å"fake it ‘til you make it† is not going to help you. If you include skills and experience points that aren’t quite true, you’re running a significant risk of getting caught. Best case, no one questions your whale tales and it gets you the job. All is great until someone asks you to demonstrate the Spanish language fluency you listed on your resume or use that fancy Excel wizardry you claimed to have developed at your last job. Over-exaggerating isn’t really a way to compensate for a lack of experience, and if you’re called out on it, it will be very awkward (not to mention harmful to your prospects of getting the job).Consider certificationAnother way to make up for a lack of specific job experience is to get specific education or certification that prepares you for the job. Are there certifications in your field? Licensing organizations? By going through the process of becoming certified, you’re getting an outside party to say, â€Å"hey, this person is qualified.† And that’s something you can put near the top of your resume to show you’ve got the skills and training- if not years of experience.Remember: it’s all about emphasizing what you do have and framing your resume narrative in a way that shows you’re ready, willing, and able to take the job, no matter how much experience you have (or don’t have).

Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Economics - Research Paper Example Undeniably, information security has evolved to be as significant to contemporary organizations as the security of perceptible physical resources. It is not surprising that the quickly increasing body of research dwells on issues of information security. Research should focus largely on the technical dynamics of the protection of information in computer-based systems through encryption, hardware controls as well as software and data controls. The behavioral dynamics associated with the prevention breaches in information security have attracted a lot of attention in the recent times among researchers. Conversely, there has been very little attention towards addressing the economic aspects of information security; particularly with the magnitude of resources that have been directed to improve information management by organizations, what these organizations require is a framework that will assist in deriving optimal levels of spending on information security. Economic perspectives typi cally recognize that even though some degree of investment in information security is noble, additional security is not always worth the associated costs (Bidgoli, 2006). Therefore, it is important to consider the manner in which vulnerabilities of information as well as losses that are linked to the vulnerability impact the ideal amount of resources that are supposed to be directed to making information secure. For a wide variety of probability functions in regards to security breach, the ideal amount that should spent on information security is a rising function based in the degree of the vulnerability of the information. However, in some cases, the ideal amount to spend on security of information initially increases and later declines with similar degrees of vulnerability of information (Rao & Upadhyaya, 2009). The managers who are responsible for allocation of information security budgets should typically concentrate that is categorized in the mid-range of

Franz Peter Schubert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Franz Peter Schubert - Essay Example He worked at his father’s office until the spring of 1986 and pursued his application for a higher position. From that year onwards, he failed to get a regular job. He became a freelance musician, earning money only where and when opportunity allowed him. The popularity of his music won him a lot of friends who supported him when he was financially incapable. He was not really concerned with generating income to feed and clothe himself. All he wanted to do was to focus on his musical career by writing compositions (Hurd 294).Schubert’s works have gained wide popularity and they began to appear in print in 1821. At first, his musical compositions were paid for by private subscribers. However, his musical genius was highly regarded as he was later paid by regular publishers. Entering a new a more assured phase, he wrote more piano sonatas and was elected to the Vienna Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde (Franz Schubert).Schubert became famous in Viennese musical circles. Schube rt-Evenings or Schubertiads were frequently conducted where he played his latest works to his friends who were artists, poets, and wealthy bourgeoisie. His circle of friends includes Josef von Spaun, Johann Mayrhofer, and Franz von Schober. This elite circle gave him access to influential contacts like the Sonnleithners and the baritone J.M. Volg (Franz Schubert). The death of Schubert in 1828 was due to typhus. After a few days’ illness, he died and was buried in a grave near Beethoven’s (Hurd 294).... However, his musical genius was highly regarded as he was later paid by regular publishers. Entering a new a more assured phase, he wrote more piano sonatas and was elected to the Vienna Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde (Franz Schubert). Schubert became famous in Viennese musical circles. Schubert-Evenings or Schubertiads were frequently conducted where he played his latest works to his friends who were artists, poets, and wealthy bourgeoisie. His circle of friends includes Josef von Spaun, Johann Mayrhofer and Franz von Schober. This elite circle gave him access to influential contacts like the Sonnleithners and the baritone J.M. Volg (Franz Schubert). The death of Schubert in 1828 was due to typhus. After a few days' illness, he died and was buried in a grave near Beethoven's (Hurd 294). His Music: Schubert is known as one o the most prolific composers of melodies in his period, with his capacity to write almost eight compositions in a day. Schubert wrote over 600 songs. The two most famous are Die Schune Mullerin and Die Winterreise. His most well known chamber music includes Piano Quintet in A major-The Trout, Piano Quartet in D minor-'The Death of the Maiden,' Octet in F major and String Quintet in C major. He was able to writ 15 string quartets, 14 piano sonatas, and sets of dances and variations for piano, as well as the remarkable 'Wanderer Fantasy.' Schubert has composed 10 symphonies, the most important ones are No. 4 in C minor-'The Tragic,' No. 5 in B flat major, No. 6 in C major, No. 8 in B minor--'The Unfinished,' and No. 9 in C major-'The Great C major." His choral music includes Mass in A flat, Mass in E flat, and many short choral songs with piano accompaniment. Schubert also

International Hotel DEvelopment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Hotel DEvelopment - Essay Example Hotels are one of the most profitable enterprises of this industry, particularly luxury hotels. Unlike upscale and upper upscale hotels, although luxury hotels offer many of the same features and give relatively the same living experience, it is their exclusive nature that sets them apart from other such hotels (Barsky, 2001). With only a few hotels per country classified in the highest tier of luxury hotels, they make the base of the hospitality industry’s strength. The Marriott Hotel in London is one such hotel. To understand what terms are these hotels classified into, the very specific categories that the hospitality industry puts them in it is important that one thoroughly analyzes and understands the hotels that make up each level and standard. This means to gauge the full effect and scope of a particular hotel, in this case the Marriott Hotel in London. This can be done best through either the SWOT analysis, defined by Albert Humphrey, which focuses on the strengths, we aknesses, opportunities and threats of an environment or the PESTLE analysis, which means analyzing the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors of a hotel. All will be used in reference to the internal or external environment of the hotel, respectively. Hotels are generally judged and analyzed based on two factors – that is, their internal and external environment (Jones and Lockwood, 2004). The internal environment of a hotel refers to all factors and features that remain exclusively confined to that establishment itself. For example, all factors such as the business revenue of the hotel, the physical features of the hotel, the staff and other positions of the hotel, all contribute towards the internal environment of the hotel. As an extension of this, it can be said that any factors contributing towards and influencing the internal environment and state of a hotel can also be considered part of the environment itself (Huo, 1995). The fact ors that decide what an internal environment is based upon are factors such as what a company wishes to provide its customers with, and how its strengths can cater to those requirements. Other factors can be the means with which to provide their services and the services it wishes to furnish those requirements. In summary, the strengths, aims, resources and requirements of an industry all contribute towards constructing its internal environment and the manifestation of these components is what provides the physical representation of this internal environment (Raghubalan and Balan, 2007). On the other hand, the external environment of a hotel refers to all factors and influences that come from outside the enterprise itself. This means, all factors other than the business’s own desires, aims, means etc are considered external environmental factors. The external environment factor can influence the internal environment of a hotel or enterprise, but it is not only confined to suc h an enterprise. It can have effects of its own independence, other than in relation to being an influencing factor. Government policies, economic conditions, technological advances are all factors that comprise the external environment, but the biggest most important factor of the external envi

Transducers used in the Cardiac Ultrasound Machine.

Transducers used in the Cardiac Ultrasound Machine. Transducers used in the Cardiac Ultrasound Machine. Abstract: Ultrasound imaging depends on the ability of piezoelectric crystals to generate sound when excited with alternating current and the reverse effect of charge accumulation or current flow when such crystals are subjected to pressure from sound waves. The first known ultrasound imaging machine was designed by K. T. Dussik in Australia in 1937. However, despite its widespread acceptance today, medical ultrasound did not develop as rapidly as X-ray imaging. Despite the relatively slow start, medical ultrasound imaging is very widely accepted today because there is no ionising radiation involved and hence the procedure is relatively safe. Ultrasound equipment is also cheaper as compared to X-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, MRI and other techniques associated with nuclear medicine. The procedure involves minimal patient discomfort and is very useful for examining the soft tissues or the developing foetus. A dramatic increase in the number of older patients with chronic he art and valve disease has resulted in a prolific demand for the ultrasound cardiac imaging machines which can satisfy the requirements associated with fast and cost effective measurement of cardiac anatomy or function. One of the critical elements in the medical ultrasound imaging system is the ultrasound transducer without which signal processing and visualisation of the soft tissue images is impossible. Although many naturally occurring substances such as quartz exhibit the piezoelectric effect, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic ferroelectric materials have for many years been used for biomedical applications because of their superior characteristics for soft tissue imaging.   Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), transducer material has demonstrated advantages as a high frequency receiver. Single or multilayer transducers made of these elements can be used for ultrasound imaging as single transducers operating in A-mode or a two or three dimensional transducer array for B-mode, C-mode or M-mode ultrasound imaging. This brief essay takes a look at transducers for medical ultrasound. The principle of operation of a cardiac ultrasound imaging device is based on the information that is provided by the varying delay times of echoes that are reflected from various depths of the human body tissue as a result of the ultrasound pulses that are generated by an ultrasound transducer being incident on the body tissue. Delay times of echoes from different depths are different and ultrasound is reflected from the interface of different types of tissues. A Doppler shift in frequency is also generated as a result of moving objects and the attenuation of ultrasound waves depends on the type of tissue that the ultrasound wave is travelling through. The ultrasound transducer which is responsible for the generation and detection of reflected ultrasound is, therefore, an essential component of the ultrasound imaging device. Ultrasound transducers work on the basis of the piezoelectric effect in which an alternating voltage applied to piezoelectric crystal material causes the crysta ls to become electrically polarised as a result of the applied electric field and hence vibrate with the alternating voltage to produce sound. Such crystals also become electrically polarised when stress is applied to them and hence any sound waves which are incident on them result in charge accumulation on the crystal surface and hence the generation of an alternating voltage. Thus, an ultrasound transducer consists of a suitable piezoelectric material sandwiched between electrodes that are used to provide a fluctuating electric field when the transducer is required to generate ultrasound. When the transducer is required to detect ultrasound, the electrodes may be used to detect any fluctuating voltages produced as a result of the polarisation of the crystals of the piezoelectric material in response to incident sound which generates fluctuating mechanical stresses on the material. Piezoelectric materials include quartz, ferroelectric crystals such as tourmaline and Rochelle salt a s well as the group of materials known as the piezoelectric ceramics, which include lead titanate (PbTiO3) and lead zirconate (PbZrO3). These materials are also known as piezoelectric ceramics which are used in ultrasound transducers for biomedical applications.Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) is another transducer material which has demonstrated advantages as a high frequency receiver. Piezoelectric ceramics are sold with the brand name PXE by Philips Company and are solid solutions of lead titanate (PbTiO3), and lead zirconate (PbZrO3) which have been modified by additives which are a group of piezoelectric ceramics known as PZT. PXE materials are hard, chemically inert and unaffected by a humid environment. The crystals in a ferroelectric material of which PXE is made up of align themselves randomly in a number of directions. With such a random orientation of crystals, the material will exhibit no piezoelectric effect. In order to have a piezoelectric material which is capable of being used for ultrasound transducers, the material has to be subjected to a strong electric field at high temperatures. This has the effect of permanently locking the crystals in the direction of the applied electric field and making the crystal piezoelectric in the direction of the electric field. Hence, a piezoelectric ceramic material may be converted into a piezoelectric material in any given direction by applying a strong electric field to the material in the given direction at an elevated temperature. This treatment, which is known as poling, is the final stage in the manufacture of a PXE piezoelectric. Metal electrodes perpendicular to the poling axis are deposited on the material so that an alternating electric field may be applied to generate ultrasound or ultrasound vibrations may be sensed by sensing the electric field across the piezoelectric material. The voltage across a piezoelectric ceramic PXE material is usually directly proportional to the applied stress. The construction of a simple, single element piezoelectric transducer is as shown below. The Construction of a Single Element Piezoelectric Transducer Ultrasound imaging in the A-mode directs a narrow beam of ultrasound into the tissue being scanned and the echo which may be displayed on a CRT screen provides a measure of the distance between reflecting surfaces in the body. In the B-scan mode, the echo signal is brightness modulated which makes it possible for information related to tissue depth to be displayed on the screen in a visually effective manner. An ultrasound transducer array operating in B-mode permits a picture of the tissues within a patient’s body to be displayed on a CRT device. M-mode ultrasound imaging presents tissue movement by scanning an A or B – line on a monitor as a function of time and movements in this line indicate movements in the tissues within the body. In C-mode ultrasound imaging a second transducer is used to detect echoes sent out by the first transducer, presenting a 2-D map of the ultrasound attenuation within tissues. Having discussed the principles of operation of a piezoelectric medical ultrasound transducer, it is now appropriate to consider the practical problems associated with the construction of such transducers. This is done below. The Design of Ultrasound Transducers A transducer which is constructed out of piezoelectric material will have a natural frequency of resonance and it is appropriate that the transducer should be excited with alternating electric field which matches the natural resonant frequency of oscillation of the material. The ultrasound frequencies that are used in medical imaging applications range from 1 MHz to 15 MHz and echocardiography is usually performed at frequencies of 2.5 MHz. Hence, transducers which are used for ultrasound imaging have to be tuned for different frequencies. For a transducer material in which ultrasound waves travel at the speed c, with a resonant frequency f, the thickness of the material is related by the formula f=c/2d. Hence, it is possible to tune various transducers constructed of the same material to different frequencies by adjusting the thickness of the material. The ultrasound transducer can be excited by a continuous wave, a pulsed wave, or a single voltage pulse depending on the requirement s for observing a continuous image, echo ranging or other tissue measurements. The rear face of the piezoelectric crystal material is usually supported by a backing material which is tungsten loaded araldite, so that the vibrations in the piezoelectric material are rapidly damped after the initial excitation. It is important to couple the piezoelectric transducer to the body of a patient so that the incident ultrasound energy can be effectively transmitted into the body tissue that is being scanned. In order to do this, matching layers of suitable acoustic material are used along with a gel which makes it possible for the ultrasound waves to penetrate the tissue more efficiently. As far as possible, the characteristic acoustic impedance of the tissue being scanned is matched with the acoustic impedance of the transducer. The characteristic acoustic impedance of the tissue is defined as: In the formula, c is the speed of ultrasound in human tissue which is about 1540 m/sec with a variation of +/- 6% and   is the tissue density. K is the bulk elastic modulus of the tissue being scanned. The acoustic parameters of an ultrasound transducer include its nominal frequency, the peak frequency which is the highest frequency response measured from the frequency spectrum, the bandwidth of the transducer which is the difference between the highest and the lowest – 6 dB level in the frequency spectrum, the pulse width response time of the transducer, which is the time duration of the time domain envelope which is 20 dB above the rising and decaying cycles of a transducer response, the loop sensitivity for a medium on which a test is performed which is characterised by: Here, Vo is the excitation pulse voltage in volts, while Vx is the received signal voltage from the transducer.   The signal to noise ratio for a biomedical ultrasound transducer is also an important parameter for an ultrasound transducer and this is defined as: In the above expression, Vx is the received signal voltage from the transducer in volts in response to a specified tone burst or pulse and Vn is the noise floor in volts. The signal to noise ratio for an ultrasound transducer is a measure of the noise associated with the transducer, measuring instrument or cables and this is a good measure of how sensitive a transducer is. In addition to the previously mentioned parameters, geometrical parameters for a transducer describe how the acoustic pressure generated by a transducer varies across the axial and cross-sectional fields of a transducer. These variations are illustrated below: Axial Beam Profile for an Ultrasound Transducer Cross – Sectional Beam Profile for an Ultrasound Transducer he detailed construction of an ultrasound transducer for medical applications involving the shaping of the piezoelectric material, matching layers, housing and backing materials etc is presently conducted using computational techniques such as Finite Element Modelling of ultrasound transducers through the use of software packages such as Ultrasim and other commercially available software. In the overall design, efforts have to be made to ensure that the overall design will be optimised so as to deliver a sufficiently high power of ultrasound into the tissue being imaged and as far as possible there is best possible sound impedance matching between the transducer and the scanned tissue. Design of the backing material in an ultrasound transducer is important because this design determines the ring down time of the transducer, which is critical for low noise and optimal axial resolution of the transducer. Trends in Transducer Design for Echocardiography Only the simplest equipment for echocardiography will use a single ultrasound transducer and there is a trend towards design of echocardiography equipment which uses two or even three dimensional arrays of ultrasound transducers to provide superior quality 2 –D or 3-D computer generated pictures of the organ being imaged.   Even the relatively simpler equipment being used these days has two or more ultrasound transducers fitted into the transducer probe. The array of transducers are capable of generating a shaped beam of ultrasound which can be appropriately focused using electronic digital signal processing techniques to provide better images and resolution. Although the relatively simple medical ultrasound scanners cost about  £1000 per piece, reasonably decent transducer assemblies for a decent Philips or Toshiba ultrasound machines can cost  £1500 for the transducer alone. Transducer arrays for two or three dimensional ultrasound imaging equipment can be much more ex pensive because of the large number of transducers that are employed in such imaging equipment.   For better quality ultrasonic imaging to be possible, there is a requirement for enhanced bandwidth transducers, higher frequency transducer arrays and sophisticated digital signal processing circuits. There is also a trend towards transducer miniaturisation which will make intracavitary, intraurethral, or intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) investigation possible. The current imaging frequency range of 1 MHz to 15 MHz is expected to be increased to 20 MHz to 100 MHz and at these frequencies, microsonography devices using miniature ultrasound transducers with higher sensitivities are expected to provide much better and higher resolution images using catheter based transducers which are less then 2mm in diameter and are capable of being placed in veins.   New ultrasound transducer materials are likely to provide transducers which are far more sensitive then those available presently and consume lower power. These transducers can be operated from battery powered portable equipment and th ere are indications in literature that with the availability of such devices, it is likely that the stethoscope will be replaced by miniature ultrasound equipment. New trends in ultrasound transducer construction are also moving towards composite transducer construction in which a composite of two piezoelectric materials is used to design the transducer. Ultrasound transducers are fairly rugged and the piezoelectric material does not loose its properties unless exposed to high temperatures approaching the Curie temperature for the material are reached or there are strong alternating or direct electrical fields opposing the direction of poling for the material. Mechanical stresses imposed on the piezoelectric materials should not exceed the specified limits and although the specified limits vary for different types of materials, mechanical stress in excess of 2.5 MPa may be considered as likely to cause permanent damage. Ultrasound transducers are capable of being designed to operate in liquid mediums and the piezoelectric material does not react with water or gel.   Conclusion Materials with piezoelectric properties such as lead titanate (PbTiO3) and lead zirconate (PbZrO3) lend themselves to being treated by poling to generate as well as detect ultrasound waves when subjected to alternating electric fields or mechanical stresses. Ultrasound transducers can be made out of these materials and these transducers can be designed for specified resonance frequencies for use in medical imaging. The detailed design of such transducers is an exciting and involving undertaking which is capable of being assisted by finite element simulations. Advances in transducer design involving the use of new materials, miniaturisation and the use of arrays of transducers promises to revolutionise medical imaging in the future by providing high resolution 3-D ultrasound images and the field is full of promise for device designers as well as computer engineers of the future. References/ Bibliography Web Sources   Abboud, Najib N et al. â€Å"Finite Element Modelling for Ultrasonic Transducers†. Weidlinger Associates Inc. SPIE Int. Symp. Medical Imaging 1998, San Diego, Feb 21-27, 1998. August 4, 2005. http://www.wai.com/AppliedScience/Software/Pzflex/Papers/pzflex-spie_mi98.pdf Binder, T. â€Å"Three-Dimensional Echocardiography Principles and Promises†. Journal of Clinical and Basic Cardiology 2002; 5 (Issue 2), 149-152. August 4, 2005. http://www.kup.at/kup/pdf/1137.pdf Brandt, Einar. â€Å"Segmentation Techniques for Echocardiographic Image Sequences†. University of Linkopings. 1998. August 4, 2005. http://www.imv.liu.se/klinfys/einar/publications/pdf_open/Ex1934.pdf Bridal, Lori S et al. â€Å"Milestones on the Road to Higher Resolution, Quantitative, and Functional Ultrasonic Imaging†. PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, VOL. 91, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2003. August 6, 2005. http://dei-s1.dei.uminho.pt/outraslic/lebiom/ultra/ultrasonic01232192.pdf Diederichs, Rolf. â€Å"Ultrasound Transducer Library†. Diederichs, Rolf. March, 1998. August 4, 2005. http://www.ndt.net/wshop/wshop_tr/trans_li.htm Eberhard, Brunner. â€Å"Ultrasound System Considerations and their Impact on Front-End Components,† Analog Devices, Inc., 2002. August 4, 2005. http://www.analog.com/library/analogDialogue/archives/36-03/ultrasound/UltrasoundFrontend.pdf Erikson, Kenneth R et al. â€Å"Ultrasound in Medicine – A Review†. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SONICS AND ULTRASONICS, VOL. SU-21, NO. 3, JULY 1971. August 4, 2005. http://www.ieee-uffc.org/ultrasonics/teaching/t7430144.pdf Fink, Mathias. â€Å"Time Reversed Acoustics†. Scientific American Inc, 1999. August 4, 2005. http://www4.ncsu.edu/~fouque/fink.pdf G. Fleury, R. Berriet, O. Le Baron, B. Huguenin. â€Å"New piezocomposite transducers for therapeutic ultrasound†. 2nd International Symposium on Therapeutic Ultrasound Seattle 31/07 02/08/02. August 4, 2005. http://www.imasonic.com/Papers/ISTU2Ima.pdf Genadiy V. Leonov,, Vladimir N. Khmelev, Roman V. Barsukov, Sergey N. Tsyganok, Alexey N. Slivin, Andrey V. Shalunov. â€Å"Advancement of Ultrasonic Technologies Efficiency, Development of Ultrasonic Devices for the Manufactures, Medical Institutions and the Agriculture Requirements†. Biysk Technological Institute. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.bti.secna.ru/institute_/laboratory/us/downloads/vestnic_e.pdf Goel, Malti. â€Å"Electret sensors, filters and MEMS devices: New challenges in materials research†. Current Science. Volume 85. No. 4. August 25, 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/aug252003/443.pdf Hazas, Mike and Andy Ward. â€Å"A Novel Broadband Ultrasonic Location System†. University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. 2002. August 4, 2005. http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/~hazas/Hazas02_ANovelBULS.pdf Holm, Sverre. â€Å"Ultrasim – A Toolbox for Ultrasound Field Simulation†. University of Oslo. 2000. August 6, 2005. http://heim.ifi.uio.no/~sverre/papers/01_Matlab.pdf Krochak, Paul and Stefan Story. â€Å"Acoustic Densification of Multiphase Stream†. 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